Name _______________________________________________________________ Date _________
Blood and Vessels Worksheet
1.	State four molecules transported by the blood.
 (Total 4 marks)

2.	Alcohol is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). An investigation was undertaken to look at the effects of drinking different amounts of alcohol in men and women.
	C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen and total white blood cell count (WBC) were measured. These are markers that can be used to measure the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
	Samples were taken from populations in three different countries and their drinking habits were determined and their blood was analysed.

	[Imhof, A, Woodward, M, Doering, A, Helbecque, N, Loewel, H, Amouyel, P, Lowe, G D O, and Koenig, W. 2004. “Overall alcohol intake, beer, wine, and systemic markers of inflammation in western Europe: results from three MONICA samples (Augsburg, Glasgow, Lille)”. European Heart Journal. Vol 25. Pp 2092–2100. By permission of Oxford University Press.]
(a)	State the overall trend for CRP for men and women over the range of alcohol consumption.
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(1)
(b)	Evaluate, using all the data, whether drinking small amounts of alcohol reduces the risk of CVD.
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(3)
(c)	Deduce which is the best marker to measure the risk of CVD.
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(1)
(d)	Outline atherosclerosis and the causes of CVD.
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(2)
(Total 7 marks)
3.	Which of the following describes arteries?
A.	They have thick muscular walls.
B.	They usually contain valves.
C.	They carry blood towards the heart.
D.	They carry blood from the lungs.
(Total 1 mark)
4.	Discuss the factors which affect the occurrence of coronary heart disease.
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(Total 4 marks)
5.	List two different types of blood cells.
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(1)
6.	Explain the relationship between the structure and functions of arteries, capillaries and veins.
(Total 9 marks)

7.	Which of the following are functions of all mammalian arteries?
I.	To carry oxygenated blood
II.	To carry blood away from the heart
III.	To carry blood under high pressure
A.	I and III only
B.	I, II and III
C.	II and III only
D.	I and II only
(Total 1 mark)
8.	Which of the following best describes the composition of human blood?
A.	Erythrocytes, leucocytes and platelets
B.	Erythrocytes, phagocytes and platelets
C.	Erythrocytes, lymphocytes and platelets
D.	Erythrocytes, antigens and platelets
(Total 1 mark)

9.	Which vessels correspond with the descriptions of I, II and III below?
I.	Thick outer layer of longitudinal collagen. Thick layers of circular elastic and muscle fibres. Narrow lumen.
II.	Thin outer layer of longitudinal collagen. Thin layers with a few circular elastic and muscle fibres. Wide lumen.
III.	Wall consists of single layer of cells. Pores between cells that form the wall. Very narrow lumen.
	I	II	III	
A.	artery	vein	capillary	
B.	vein	artery	capillary	
C.	artery	capillary	vein	
D.	vein	capillary	artery	
(Total 1 mark)