Name ________________________________________________________ Date ________________
Classification and Evolution
1.	Which of the following is the best definition of a population?
A.	A group of individuals that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring
B.	The number of individuals of the same species in a given area
C.	A group of species living and interacting with each other in a given area
D.	The total number of individuals in a given area
(Total 1 mark)
2.	Which process has the greatest effect in determining which members of a population are most likely to survive until reproductive age?
A.	Evolution
B.	Natural selection
C.	Meiosis
D.	Hybridization
(Total 1 mark)
3.	Explain how natural selection can lead to evolution using antibiotic resistance in bacteria as an example.
(Total 9 marks)

4.	Charles Darwin used domesticated animals to provide evidence for evolution by natural selection.
What is this evidence?
A.	Differences between breeds show that selection can cause species to change.
B.	The ancestors of domesticated animals can be found in the fossil record.
C.	Some domesticated animals die because the environment cannot support them all.
D.	Variation in domesticated animals is due to sexual reproduction.
(Total 1 mark)
5.	(a)	Draw and label a diagram of the molecular structure of DNA.
(4)

(b)	Outline the evidence for evolution provided by homologous structures.
(6)
(Total 10 marks)

6.	Which process tends to reduce variety within a population?
A.	Natural selection
B.	Random fertilization
C.	Independent assortment
D.	Crossing over
(Total 1 mark)
7.	Why has antibiotic resistance evolved in bacteria?
A.	All bacteria reproduce very quickly.
B.	Bacteria exposed to antibiotics developed a resistance to them.
C.	Varieties of bacteria resistant to antibiotics reproduce faster than non-resistant varieties.
D.	Bacteria showing resistance to antibiotics survive after antibiotics are used.
(Total 1 mark)
8.	Drosophila subobscura (shown in photograph below) is a species of fruit fly native to Europe.
The sample on the left is from Spain, latitude 39°, and the one on the right is from Denmark, latitude 56°. The species was introduced into both South America and North America approximately 20 years ago. The graph below shows the wing size in arbitrary units of D. subobscura at different latitudes in the three locations.

[Reprinted from Mark Vellend, Luke J Harmon, Julie L Lockwood, Margaret M Mayfield, A Randall Hughes, John P Wares and Dov F Sax. 2007. “Effects of exotic species on evolutionary diversification”. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. Vol 22, issue 9. Pp 481–488. Copyright (2007), with permission from Elsevier.]
(a)	Identify the relationship between wing size and latitude shown by D. subobscura in Europe.
......................................................................................................................................
(1)

(b)	(i)	Compare the data for wing size of D. subobscura in North and South America with wing size in Europe.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(2)
(ii)	Suggest one reason for the differences.
...........................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
(1)
(c)	Predict, with a reason, what might happen to D. subobscura in the future as a result of its introduction to new areas.
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 6 marks)
9.	Which of the following will promote variation in a species?
I.	Meiosis
II.	Fertilization
III.	Natural selection
A.	I only
B.	II only
C.	I and II only
D.	I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)

10.	Which of the following are used as evidence for evolution?
I.	Homologous structures
II.	Selective breeding of domesticated animals
III.	Overproduction of offspring
A.	I and II only
B.	I and III only
C.	II and III only
D.	I, II and III
(Total 1 mark)
11.	In the hierarchy of taxa, what is in a family?
A.	A group of classes
B.	A group of genera
C.	A group of orders
D.	A group of phyla
(Total 1 mark)
12.	(a)	Outline the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis.
.....................................................................................................................................
.....................................................................................................................................
(2)
(b)	Identify which phyla of plants fit each of the brief descriptions below.
(i)	Evergreen woody plant; leaves are shaped like needles; seed-producing with reproductive structures in cones.
Phylum:	....................................................................................................
(ii)	Underground stem that bears roots and leaves called fronds; spores develop in spore cases called sporangia located on the underside of fronds.
Phylum:	....................................................................................................
(2)
(Total 4 marks)
13.	What is evolution?
A.	A measure of the relative survival and reproductive success of an individual
B.	A cumulative change in the genetically controlled characteristics of a population
C.	A physical change during an organism’s life that is inherited by its offspring
D.	A random change in the proportions of alleles from generation to generation 
(Total 1 mark)
14.	Two different trees have been classified as Pinus pinea and Pinus nigra. Which of the following statements is correct?
A.	Both trees belong to the same class but a different genus.
B.	Both trees belong to the same family and same genus.
C.	The species name of both trees is Pinus.
D.	The family names are pinea and nigra.
(Total 1 mark)
15.	Which phylum does an animal belong to, if it has stinging tentacles and a mouth, but no anus?
A.	Annelida
B.	Cnidaria
C.	Porifera
D.	Platyhelminthes
(Total 1 mark)
16.	Pseudolarix amabilis produces seeds but not flowers. Physcomitrella patens has leaves but not roots.
To which groups do they belong?

	Pseudolarix amabilis	Physcomitrella patens	
A.	coniferophyta	filicinophyta	
B.	filicinophyta	angiospermophyta	
C.	coniferophyta	bryophyta	
D.	angiospermophyta	coniferophyta	
(Total 1 mark)
17.	A collection of four animal specimens is observed and a dichotomous key is applied. Which specimen is an arthropod?
1.	Non-segmented body	.........................................	go to 2
Segmented body	.................................................	go to 3
2.	Body is not symmetrical	.....................................	specimen A
Body is symmetrical	...........................................	specimen B
3.	Jointed appendages present	................................	specimen C
Jointed appendages absent	.................................	specimen D
A.	Specimen A
B.	Specimen B
C.	Specimen C
D.	Specimen D
(Total 1 mark)

18.	Which of the organisms A–D, identified by the key below, represents an Annelid?
1.	Shows bilateral symmetry	go to 2
Does not show bilateral symmetry	Cnidaria
2.	Has a segmented body	go to 3
Does not have a segmented body	go to 4
3.	Has jointed legs	A
Does not have jointed legs	B
4.	Has a shell	C
Does not have a shell	D
(Total 1 mark)
19.	Ants, bees and wasps are classified in the same order. What can be deduced about these animals?
A.	They are classified in the same class.
B.	They are classified in different phyla.
C.	They are classified in the same family.
D.	They are classified in different kingdoms.
(Total 1 mark) 
20.	To which group do sponges belong?
A.	Cnidaria
B.	Filicinophyta
C.	Porifera
D.	Mollusca
(Total 1 mark)
21.	A poodle and a chihuahua are both dogs and classified as Canis familiaris. What conclusion can be made?
A.	They belong to the same genus but not the same species.
B.	They are the same species but not the same genus.
C.	They are different species but can interbreed.
D.	They belong to the same genus and are the same species.
(Total 1 mark) 
22.	Which taxa do Zerynthia rumina and Zerynthia polyxena share?
A.	They share the same class but not the same family.
B.	They share the same species but not the same class.
C.	They share the same class but not the same genus.
D.	They share the same family but not the same species.
(Total 1 mark)
23.	Which phylum does the plant below belong to?
		
A.	Angiospermophyta
B.	Bryophyta
C.	Coniferophyta
D.	Filicinophyta
(Total 1 mark)
24.	Plants are a diverse group of eukaryotic organisms. Describe the different characteristics of   the bryophyta, filicinophyta, coniferophyta and angiospermophyta.
 (Total 9 marks)

25.	Explain how sexual reproduction can eventually lead to evolution in offspring.
 (Total 8 marks)

26.	An animal has radial symmetry, a sac-like body with only one opening and tentacles with stinging structures. To which phylum does this animal belong?
A.	Annelida
B.	Cnidaria
C.	Mollusca
D.	Porifera
(Total 1 mark)
27.	Which of the following is a characteristic of platyhelminthes?
A.	Many pairs of legs
B.	Flat body
C.	Hard exoskeleton
D.	Presence of cnidocytes
(Total 1 mark)

28.	What features distinguish Platyhelminthes from Annelida?

	Platyhelminthes	Annelida	
A.	segmented body	non-segmented body	
B.	non-segmented body	segmented body	
C.	bilateral symmetry	no bilateral symmetry	
D.	no bilateral symmetry	bilateral symmetry	
(Total 1 mark)